notes

For physics notes visit www.en2k6.blogspot.com

SYLLABUS

SYLLABUS

Module 1 (11 hours)

Interference of light-Interference from plane parallel thin films-Colours of thin films by reflected light-Newton’s rings measurement of wavelength-Thin wedge shaped air film-Air wedge-Testing of optical plane ness of surfaces. [References 1(310-336) 2(11-32)]
Diffraction of light-Introduction to Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction-Distinction between the two diffractions-Simple theory of plane transmission grating. [Reference 2(57-63)]
Polarization of light-Double refraction-Nicol prism-Quarter and half wave plates-Production and detection of elliptically and circularly polarized light-Rotatory polarization-Laurent’s half shade polarimeter-Applications of polarized light. [References 1(572-601 and 605-613)2(83-112)]
Module 2 (11 hours)
Quantum Mechanics-Newtonian mechanics and quantum mechanics-Uncertainty principle-The wave functions-Schrödinger wave equation for a free particle-Potentials in Schrödinger equation-Time independent Schrödinger equation-Time dependent Schrödinger equation-Expectation values-Derivation of Schrödinger equation-Application-Particle in a box(motion in one dimension). [Reference 2(123-137)]
NMR AND ESR-Basic principle of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance(ESR)-Experimental method for detection of NMR and ESR-Applications.[References 2(145-160)3(83-87)]
Module 3 (11 hours)
Laser Physics-Basic concepts of laser-Spontaneous and stimulated emission-Absorption-Population inversion-Optical pumping-Construction and components of laser-Ruby laser, Helium-Neon laser and semiconductor laser-Applications-Basic principle of Holography and its application. [Reference 4(199-215)]
Fibre Optics-Basic principles-Fiber construction-Fiber dimensions-Light propagation in fiber-Signal distortion in optical fibers and transmission losses (Brief ideas only)-Light wave communication using optical fibers and its advantages-Fiber amplifiers and EDFAs-Applications of optical fibers. [References 2(187-203)5(281-286)]
Non Destructive Testing-X-rays-Properties and production-X-ray radiography-Stereo radiography-CT scan-Ultrasonics-properties-NDT using ultrasonics-Electrical method-Magnetic method-ultrasound scanning-MRI scan. [References 6(partVII 341-344)7(360-400)]
Module 4 (13 hours)
Electron theory of solids-Classical free electron theory-drift velocity-conductivity-relaxation time-mean free path-temperature dependence of resistivity-relation between thermal and electrical conductivities(Wiedman-Frenz law)-Quantum free electron theory-density of states-Fermi distribution function-Fermi energy. [References 8(179-197 and 230-239)]
Band theory of solids (Qualitative only)-Band structure of metals, semiconductors and insulators-Classification of semiconductors on the basis of Fermi level and Fermi energy-Impurity levels in N-type and P-type semiconductors. [Reference 2(212-227)]
Hall effect-introduction-Measurement of Hall voltage and Hall co-efficient-Importance of Hall effect. [Reference 2(244-253)]
Super conductivity-Properties of superconductors-Josephson effect and tunneling (qualitative)-BCS theory of superconductivity (qualitative)-Applications of superconductivity. [Reference 2(255-268)]
Books for reference:

1. Brijlal & Subrahmanyam.N. “Text book of Optics” S Chand 22nd edition

2. P Raghavan et al “A text book of Engineering Physics” 2nd edition

3. Y V Sukumaran “Engineering Physics” 1st edition

4. M R Srinivasan “Physics for Engineers” New Age International

5. Ajoy Ghatakand K Thyagarajan “Introduction to fibre optics” Cambridge University press

6. A S Vasudeva “Modern Engineering Physics” S Chand

7. Dr.M.Arumugam “Biomedical instrumentation” anuradha publication

8. S O Pillai “solid State Physics” New Age International 6th edition

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

EN2K6 102: ENGINEERING PHYSICS

Time: 3Hours Marks: 100
Part A: Answer all questions

1a). Explain Fresnel’s and Fraunhoffer diffraction.
b). Describe double refraction in crystals.
c). Explain a wavefunction.
d). Explain the basic principle of electron spin resonance.
e). Discuss the signal distortion in optical fibres.
f). Write a note on ultrasonic method of nondestructive testing.
g). Distinguish between conductors, semiconductors and insulators on the basis of Fermi energy level.
h). Explain Josephson effect.

Part B: Answer four questions

2 a) Describe the theory of a plane transmission grating and describe how it is used to determine the wavelength of light.
b) Calculate the specific rotation if the plane of polarization is turned through 26.40 traversing 20cm length of 20% sugar solution.

Or

3 a) Discuss with necessary theory, the Newton’s rings experiment to determine the wavelength of sodium light.
b) An air wedge of angle 0.01 rad is illuminated by monochromatic light of 6000 Å falls normally on it. At what distance form the edge of the wedge will the 10th fringe be observed by the reflected light.

4 a) With the basic principle explain any one application of NMR.
b) Find the energy of an electron moving in one dimensional potential well of infinite height, width 1 Å. Given mass of an electron 9.11 x 10-31 kg and h= 6.63 x 10-34 Js

Or

5 a) Distinguish between Newtonian and quantum mechanics. By assuming time independent Schrödinger’s equation find eigen values and eigen functions for a particle in a box.
b) Explain Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

6 a) Obtain an expression for numerical aperture and explain briefly point to point communication using optical fibres.
b) What are the requisities for laser action.

Or

7 a) With the energy level diagram explain the construction and working of He-Ne laser.
b) Find the ratio of the two energy states of the ruby laser, the transition between which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 694.3 nm. Assume the ambient temperature as 270C, Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 Χ 10-23 J/K and Planck’s constant h = 6.63 Χ 10-34 Js

8 a) Discuss the effect of magnetic field on superconductors. Distinguish between typeI and typeII superconductors.
b)Explain Wiedman-Frenz law.

Or

9 a) With theory explain how Hall voltage and Hall coefficient are measured?
b) Write a note on BCS theory of superconductivity.

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS-MODULE 1-ASSIGNMENT-1

Sree Narayana Guru College of Engineering and Technology, Payyanur
First Assignment 2007-2008
EN2K6 102: ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Answer any 10 of the following questions

1. A soap film 5x10-5 cm thick is viewed at an angle of 350 to the normal. Find the wavelength of light in the visible spectrum which will be absent from the reflected light. Given μ =1.33 (2006)
2. Discuss with necessary theory, the Newton’s rings experiment to determine the wavelength of sodium light. (2005)
3. Explain why the center of Newton’s rings is dark in the reflected system.(2007)
4. In a Newton’s rings system a convex lens of radius of curvature 1m is placed in contact with a flat plate. Calculate the radii of (1) the 3rd dark ring and (2) the 3rd bright ring of the interference pattern produced by the light of wavelength 5000 Å. (2004)
5. Explain how the wavelength of the sodium light is determined by forming wedge shaped air film. Derive the formula used. (2004,2007)
6. Explain how optical planeness of surfaces can be tested. (2006)
7. An air wedge of angle 0.01 rad is illuminated by monochromatic light of 600 nm falls normally on it. At what distance form the edge of the wedge will the 5th fringe be observed by the reflected light. (2007)
8. An air wedge of angle 0.01 rad is illuminated by monochromatic light of 6000 Å falls normally on it. At what distance form the edge of the wedge will the 10th fringe be observed by the reflected light. (2005)
9. Explain Fresnel’s and Fraunhoffer diffraction. (2004,2005)
10. Describe the theory of a plane transmission grating and describe how it is used to determine the wavelength of light. (2006,2007)
11. What is the highest order spectrum, which may be seen with monochromatic light of wavelength 6000 Å by means of a diffraction grating with 5000 lines/cm. (2006)
12. What are the differences between interference and diffraction bands?(2007)
13. Calculate the angular separation of two spectral lines of mercury of wavelengths 5770 Å and 5791 Å in the second order when a grating having 6x105 lines/m is used.(2007)
14. Describe double refraction in crystals. (2004,2007).
15. Write a brief note on half wave plate. (2006)
16. Explain how plane polarized light is produced and detected. (2005)
17. Write briefly how elliptically polarized light can be detected. (2005)
18. Explain with necessary theory the production and detection of circularly polarized light. (2004, 2005)
19. Calculate the specific rotation if the plane of polarization is turned through 26.40 traversing 20cm length of 20% sugar solution. (2004,2005)
20. Explain optical activity and specific rotation. Describe how half shade polarimeter is used to determine the specific rotation of glucose. (2006)
21. Write any four applications of polarized light. (2004)

LAST DATE FOR SUBMISSION: 10-01-2008

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS-MODULE 2-ASSIGNMENT-2

Sree Narayana Guru College of Engineering and Technology, Payyanur
Second Assignment 2007-2008
EN2K6 102: ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Answer all questions

1.Explain zero point energy. (2004)
2.Derive the time dependent Schrödinger’s wave equation for a free particle. (2004)
3.Explain the basic principle of electron spin resonance. (2004,2006)
4.Explain a wavefunction. (2005,2006)
5.Setup the equation for the time independent Schrödinger’s equation. (2005)
6.With the basic principle explain any one application of NMR. (2005)
7.Distinguish between Newtonian and quantum mechanics. By assuming time independent Schrödinger’s equation find eigen values and eigen functions for a particle in a box. (2006)

LAST DATE FOR SUBMISSION: 07-03-2008

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS-MODULE-3-ASSIGNMENT-3

Sree Narayana Guru College of Engineering and Technology, Payyanur
Third Assignment 2007-2008
EN2K6 102: ENGINEERING PHYSICS
Answer any 10 of the following questions

1.Explain metastable state and optical pumping. (2004)
2.Mention the characteristics of a laser beam and any two applications. (2004)
3.Explain the construction and working of a ruby laser with energy level diagram. (2004,2006)
4.A ruby laser emits pulses of 20 ns duration with average/pulse being 0.1 MW. If the number of photons in each pulse is 6.981Χ 1015,calculate the wavelength of photons. (2004)
5.What are the requisities for laser action. (2005)
6.With the energy level diagram explain the construction and working of He-Ne laser. (2005)
7.Find the ratio of the two energy states of the ruby laser, the transition between which is responsible for the emission of photons of wavelength 694.3 nm. Assume the ambient temperature as 270C, Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 Χ 10-23 J/K and Planck’s constant h = 6.63 Χ 10-34 Js (2005)
8.Explain the terms spontaneous emission and optical pumping. (2006)
9.Explain stimulated emission and population inversion. (2006)
10.Calculate the energy difference in eV between the two energy levels of the neon atoms of a He-Ne laser, the transition between which results in the the emission of light of wavelength 632.8 nm. Also estimate the number of photons emitted/sec if the optical output is 1 mw. (2006)
11.Explain in brief the principle of holography. (2005)
12.Discuss the signal distortion in optical fibres. (2004,2006)
13.Explain with block diagram point to point communication in optical fibres. (2004)
14.Calculate the numerical aperture and angle of acceptance for an optical fibre having refractive indices 1.563 and 1.498 for the core and cladding respectively. (2004)
15.Mention any five advantages of optical fibre. (2005)
16.With theory explain how light is propagated through an optical fibre. (2005)
17.Obtain an expression for numerical aperture and explain briefly point to point communication using optical fibres. (2006)
18. What are ultrasonics? What are their properties? (2006)
19. Write a note on nondestructive testing by ultrasonic method. (2004)
20. Write a note on radiographic method of nondestructive testing. (2005)
21. Describe the procedure of nondestructive testing by electrical method. (2006)

LAST DATE FOR SUBMISSION: 28-03-2008

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS-MODULE 4-ASSIGNMENT-4

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY